{"id":4456,"date":"2022-07-22T10:08:23","date_gmt":"2022-07-22T08:08:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.taam.cnrs.fr\/?page_id=4456"},"modified":"2022-07-22T10:20:21","modified_gmt":"2022-07-22T08:20:21","slug":"ethics-welfare","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.taam.cnrs.fr\/index.php\/ethics-welfare\/?lang=en","title":{"rendered":"Ethics &#038; Welfare"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"4456\" class=\"elementor elementor-4456 elementor-157\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-276b77c6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"276b77c6\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-33bb26ee\" data-id=\"33bb26ee\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3eeaff0f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3eeaff0f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><\/p><p><strong>A multi-site approach to implementing the 3Rs in policies and practice<\/strong><\/p><p><\/p><p><strong>European Directive 2010\/063EU and its transposition into French legislation<\/strong><\/p><p><\/p><p>PHENOMIN partners operate in accordance with the European Directive 2010\/063EU and its transposition into French legislation (<strong>European Directive 2010\/063EU, French decree \u201cD\u00e9cret n\u00b0 2013-118\u201d<\/strong> relative to the protection of animals used for scientific purposes):<\/p><p><\/p><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The animals we work with have been bred in our own facilities or by certified breeders.<\/li><li>Animal facilities: our institutes have official licences, issued by the official regional veterinary surgeon (DDPP &#8211; Direction D\u00e9partementale de la Protection des Populations \u2013 <em>Departmental Direction of the Protection of Populations<\/em>), for taking care of animals, breeding them and implementing protocols. Housing conditions are standardised and in compliance with regulations to ensure the animals\u2019 welfare.<\/li><li>Staff: all the technicians have received specific training in animal care.<\/li><\/ul><p><\/p><p><strong>Ethical principles<\/strong><\/p><p><\/p><p>Respecting the European directive also implies that we work in accordance with ethical principles :<\/p><p><\/p><p><strong>In 1959, Russel &amp; Burch developed the renowned concept of the 3 Rs in order to protect animals used for scientific purposes:<\/strong><\/p><p><\/p><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Replacement: methods which avoid or replace the use of animals.<\/li><li>Reduction: methods which minimise the number of animals utilised per experiment.<\/li><li>Refinement: methods which minimise suffering and improve animal welfare.<\/li><\/ul><p><\/p><p>HBA &#8211; Harm-Benefit Analysis: the main objective of this analysis is to establish a balance between<\/p><p><\/p><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The benefit that we expect from an experiment, such as a scientific result which may be beneficial for humans, animals or the environment.<\/li><li>The harm: animal distress, side effects, for example.<\/li><\/ul><p><\/p><p><strong>To replace, the TAAM :<\/strong><\/p><p><\/p><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Provides help and raises awareness in the choice and\/or design of the best model for a research project.<\/li><li>Makes sure that other in-vitro models, (molecular or cellular), have been used beforehand.<\/li><\/ul><p><\/p><p><strong>To reduce, the TAAM :<\/strong><\/p><p><\/p><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Centralises and coordinates both the freezing and rapid cryo-recovery of murine lines in order to limit, as far as possible, conserving the lines in breathing format (live animals).<\/li><li>Supervises and rationalises the generations of animal cohorts to avoid reproducing models which already exist, to limit animal production on the national scale and to streamline pipeline studies of them.<\/li><li>Develop non- or minimally-invasive, modern, functional analyses which make longitudinal monitoring possible: ultra-sound scanning, photo-acoustic imaging and fluorescence to track the cell line.<\/li><\/ul><p><\/p><p>We are participating in the development of a means of reducing the number of animals used, and to improve quality control, in determining the capacity of a mutant mouse line to recover after cryo-preservation. A recent PHENOMIN publication describes a new technical approach commonly used in PHENOMIN projects (<a href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC4569667\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>Blastocyst genotyping for quality control of mouse mutant archives: an ethical and economical approach. <\/em>Transgenic Res. 2015; 24(5): 921\u2013927. F Scavizzi et al.,2015<\/a>)<\/p><p><\/p><p><strong>To refine, the TAAM :<\/strong><\/p><p><\/p><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Continues to improve rodents\u2019 breeding and housing conditions with regard to their physiology and socialisation behaviour.<\/li><li>Reduces the use of invasive protocols by deploying non-invasive methods such as imagery.<\/li><li>Ensures training and transfer of the best professional practices in order to define \u201cend of experimentation\u201d.<\/li><\/ul><p><\/p><p><strong>Ethics committees and project authorisation<\/strong><\/p><p><\/p><p>All TAAM projects involving animals have received <strong>approval from our ethics committees and an authorisation from the Ministry of Research<\/strong>.<\/p><p><\/p><p>Projects are assessed according to the <strong>principles of the 3Rs and HBA<\/strong> (Harm-Benefit Analysis), with particular attention to refinement (use of anaesthetic, of analgesics if necessary, respect of good practices).<\/p><p><\/p><p><strong>Animal Welfare Bodies<\/strong><\/p><p><\/p><p>Project authorisations are delivered before starting a project. Once underway, projects are monitored on site by our Animal Welfare Bodies, <strong>AWB<\/strong>.<\/p><p><\/p><p>The other core tasks of the AWB consist in: guiding the research teams, responding to concerns of ethics and animal welfare, visiting the animal facilities to confirm protocols are being performed correctly and to develop long-term ethical procedures. It is in this way that the AWB intervene proactively in improving living conditions for the animals.<\/p><p><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A multi-site approach to implementing the 3Rs in policies and practice European Directive 2010\/063EU and its transposition into French legislation PHENOMIN partners operate in accordance with the European Directive 2010\/063EU and its transposition into French legislation (European Directive 2010\/063EU, French decree \u201cD\u00e9cret n\u00b0 2013-118\u201d relative to the protection of animals used for scientific purposes): The&hellip; <br \/> <a class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.taam.cnrs.fr\/index.php\/ethics-welfare\/?lang=en\">Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-4456","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Ethics &amp; 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